Reverse Osmosis (RO) Systems: RO systems use a semipermeable membrane to remove a wide range of impurities, including bacteria, viruses, heavy metals, and dissolved salts.

Ultraviolet (UV) Purifiers: UV purifiers use ultraviolet light to kill or inactivate bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms present in the water. While UV purifiers are effective against biological contaminants, they may not remove other types of impurities.

Water Distillers: Distillation involves boiling water and then condensing the steam back into water, leaving impurities behind. Distillers are effective at removing many contaminants, but they can be energy-intensive.

Ion Exchange Filters: These filters use ion-exchange resins to replace unwanted ions (such as calcium and magnesium) with more desirable ions. They are commonly used for water softening.

Ceramic Filters: These filters use ceramic materials with microscopic pores to physically filter out impurities, including bacteria and sediments.